* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root {
    --max-width: 800px;
    --spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
    --spacing-md: 1rem;
    --spacing-lg: 2rem;
    --spacing-xl: 3rem;
}

body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    background: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
}

.nav {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--background, #f8f8f2) 0%, var(--comment, #6272a4) 100%);
    background-size: 200% 200%;
    animation: gradient-shift 10s ease infinite;
}

@keyframes gradient-shift {
    0% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
    50% { background-position: 100% 50%; }
    100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
}

.nav-container {
    padding-right: calc(max(900px, 60vw) - 800px);
    max-width: max(800px, 60vw);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-left: 0.8rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-left {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.sidebar-toggle {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--main-highlight, #8be9fd);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    line-height: 1;
}

.sidebar-toggle:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.nav-logo {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--main-highlight, #8be9fd);
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    /* Paints above the archive tagline tucked underneath (wrap sits one
    level below the logo; the hover panel still clears page content). */
    position: relative;
    z-index: 61;
}

.nav-logo:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Brand lockup: site name with an archive tagline tucked underneath. The
wrap is absolutely positioned, so it never shifts the navbar geometry
(visible or not); it sits slightly indented, overlapping the logo's
lower edge behind the logo paint. The wrap stays hidden until
archive-script reveals it on versioned hosts. */
.nav-brand {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.archive-wrap {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1.2rem;
    left: 0.6rem;
    /* Above page content (so the hover panel clears article titles) but
    one level below the logo the tagline tucks behind. */
    z-index: 60;
}

.archive-wrap[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

.archive-tag {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 1000;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #ffd98c;
    cursor: default;
}

.archive-tag:focus-visible {
    outline: 1px solid var(--second-highlight, #bd93f9);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Same hover/focus reveal pattern as the byline version panel: child
panel plus an invisible bridge over the visual gap. */
.archive-panel {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + var(--spacing-sm));
    left: 0;
    z-index: 60;
    width: max-content;
    max-width: min(20rem, 80vw);
    background: var(--background-elevated);
    border: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: normal;
    text-transform: none;
    text-shadow: none;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.archive-panel::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.archive-wrap:hover > .archive-panel,
.archive-wrap:focus-within > .archive-panel {
    display: block;
}

.archive-panel p + p {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.archive-panel a {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

.archive-panel code {
    font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.archive-note {
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.nav-links a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
}

.nav-links a:hover {
    color: var(--purple, #bd93f9);
}

.nav-pages {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

/* Chip wrapper owns the stacking context for its bar: .nav is animated
(hence stacked), so without this the ::before bar would sink behind the
navbar paint. The bar lives here — NOT inside the text element — because
a negative-z-index child suppresses background-clip:text painting. */
.nav-chip {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 0;
    /* Popup on hover, same factor and timing as the site logo. The whole
    chip (bar plus text) scales; transforms never shift layout. */
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-chip:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Slanted bar: same skewX(-30deg) as the h1/h2 underline bars. */
.nav-chip::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: var(--second-highlight, #ff79c6);
    transform: skewX(-15deg);
    z-index: -1;
}

.nav-pages a,
.theme-toggle,
.feed-link {
    /* Same typeface as the logo (inherited body stack), a step smaller. */
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
    padding: 0 0.5em;
    text-decoration: none;
    /* Knockout text: a window onto the animated navbar background. Same
    gradient, size, and animation as .nav; viewport-anchored so the
    animated axis aligns exactly (the animation has no vertical
    component, so the drift there is invisible on a smooth wash). */
    color: transparent;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--background, #f8f8f2) 0%, var(--comment, #6272a4) 100%);
    background-size: 200% 200%;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    background-clip: text;
    animation: gradient-shift 10s ease infinite;
}

/* The switch is a button wearing the link-chip look: strip UA chrome.
Only the family is inherited; size/weight come from the shared rule
above (a `font` shorthand here would clobber them at equal specificity).
No `background` reset: the shared rule's gradient IS the knockout fill. */
.theme-toggle {
    border: none;
    font-family: inherit;
    cursor: pointer;
    /* One box for both labels: fits "light", centers "dark". */
    min-width: 3.9em;
    text-align: left;
}

/* Chip content is block-level: an inline button would baseline-align
against the wrapper strut and sit ~1.6px lower than the link chips.
Blocks share one strut, so rows line up exactly. */
.nav-chip > a,
.nav-chip > .theme-toggle {
    display: block;
}

.theme-selector {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.theme-selector select {
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    border: 2px solid var(--main-highlight, #8be9fd);
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    text-transform: capitalize;
}

.theme-selector select:hover {
    background: var(--background-elevated, #44475a);
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.theme-selector select:focus {
    outline: none;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--main-highlight-alpha, rgba(139, 233, 253, 0.3));
}

/* Second chip column in .nav-left: the theme switch on top, the
canonical-feed link underneath. */
.nav-toggle-col {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    /* Sit closer to the tags/about column than .nav-left's gap: net 0.35rem. */
    margin-left: calc(0.35rem - var(--spacing-md));
}

/* JS-gated controls: server-rendered but dead without scripts. Hidden
until the head hook adds .js to <html> (pre-paint: no flash, and
visibility keeps the layout so nothing shifts). The toggle's wrapper
chip is gated too: its ::before bar would otherwise survive the
button's hiding and leave a blank bar. The feed chip is a plain link,
useful without scripts, so it opts out of the column gating. */
.theme-toggle,
.nav-toggle-col > .nav-chip,
.toc-toggle,
.sidebar-toggle {
    visibility: hidden;
}
html.js .theme-toggle,
html.js .nav-toggle-col > .nav-chip,
html.js .sidebar-toggle,
html.js .toc-toggle:not(.hidden) {
    visibility: visible;
}
.nav-toggle-col > .nav-chip:has(> .feed-link) {
    visibility: visible;
}

.nav-git-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.nav-git {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.nav-git-icon {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    opacity: 0.6;
}

.nav-git-icon svg {
    /* Presentation attribute is black; the theme foreground wins here,
    so the logo follows the active theme (muted by .nav-git opacity). */
    fill: var(--foreground, #000000);
}

.nav-git:hover .nav-git-icon {
    opacity: 1;
}

.nav-git a {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    text-align: right;
    opacity: 0.4;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-thickness: 0.5px;
    text-underline-offset: 1px;
    font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}

.nav-git a:hover {
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.main {
    max-width: max(900px, 60vw);
    margin: 0 auto;
    position: relative;
}

.articles-sidebar {
    position: fixed;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    background: var(--background);
    border-right: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    transform: translateX(-100%);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1100;
}

.articles-sidebar.visible {
    transform: translateX(0);
}

.sidebar-backdrop {
    display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 1079px) {
    .sidebar-backdrop.active {
        display: block;
        position: fixed;
        left: 0;
        top: 0;
        right: 0;
        bottom: 0;
        /* Below the TOC toggle (1001) so it stays tappable while the
           sidebar is open; above unpositioned page content. */
        z-index: 1000;
    }
}

.articles-sidebar-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.sidebar-close {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0;
    line-height: 1;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.sidebar-close:hover {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #8be9fd);
}

.articles-sidebar-title {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--main-highlight, #8be9fd);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.articles-nav {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
}

.articles-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.articles-list li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.articles-list li::before {
    content: none;
}

.article-link {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.3rem;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    border-right: 3px solid transparent;
}

.article-link:hover {
    border-right-color: var(--third-highlight, #8be9fd);
}

.article-title-small {
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
}

.article-number {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
}

.article-date {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
}

.toc {
    position: fixed;
    /* calc(max(900px, 60vw) - 800px) 
     * 50vw + 0.5 * x - (x - 800px) = 50vw - 0.5 * x + 800px
     * */
    left: calc(50vw - 0.5 * max(900px, 60vw) + 800px);
    top: 8rem;
    width: min(300px, 20vw);
    max-height: calc(100vh - 10rem);
    overflow-y: auto;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    background: var(--background-elevated);
    /* gba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); */
    border-left: 3px solid var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    opacity: 0.7;
    transition: opacity 0.3s, top 0.3s, max-height 0.3s;
}

.toc.scrolled {
    top: 2rem;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 10rem);
}

.toc:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

.toc-nav {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Firefox-only thin scrollbars. Chromium-based browsers must NOT get
   scrollbar-width/scrollbar-color: on Linux they switch to a native
   rendering with stepper buttons that cannot be hidden via
   ::-webkit-scrollbar-button. Chromium is fully covered by the
   ::-webkit-scrollbar rules below; Firefox ignores those rules. */
@-moz-document url-prefix() {
    .toc,
    .toc-nav {
        scrollbar-width: thin;
        scrollbar-color: var(--comment, #6272a4) transparent;
    }
}

.toc::-webkit-scrollbar,
.toc-nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
}

.toc::-webkit-scrollbar-track,
.toc-nav::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: transparent;
}

.toc::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,
.toc-nav::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--comment, #6272a4);
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.toc::-webkit-scrollbar-button,
.toc-nav::-webkit-scrollbar-button {
    display: none;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
}

.toc-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.toc-list li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.toc-list li::before {
    content: none;
}

.toc-list > li {
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.toc-list a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.toc-list a:hover {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    border-left-color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

.toc-list a.active {
    color: var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
    border-left-color: var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.toc-list > li:first-child {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.toc-subsections {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: var(--spacing-md);
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height 0.0s ease;
}

.toc-subsections.expanded {
    max-height: 1000px;
}

.article-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    padding-top: var(--spacing-xl);
    margin-left: -6%;
}

.article-title {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 0.05rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    font-family: 'Saira';
    font-size: 2.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.1;
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    position: relative;
    text-shadow: 0.05em 0.1em 1px var(--background);
    line-height: 0.9em;
}

.article-title::after {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    width: 60%;
    height: 0.6rem;
    background: var(--third-highlight, #ff79c6);
    margin-top: 0.05em;
    transform: skewX(-30deg);
    position: relative;
    z-index: -1;
}

.article-meta {
    display: flex;
    column-gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
    font-size: 0.7rem; 
}

.article-meta .author::before {
    content: "•";
    margin-right: var(--spacing-sm);
}

/* Bullet + link wrap as one unit (never stranded across lines); the
   bullet is a plain span, never part of the anchor. */
.article-meta .meta-item {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.article-meta .meta-item[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

.article-meta .meta-item .sep {
    margin-right: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.article-meta .md-source,
.article-meta .permalink,
.article-meta .latest,
.article-meta .repo-source,
.article-meta .cite-link {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-thickness: 0.5px;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.article-meta .md-source:hover,
.article-meta .permalink:hover,
.article-meta .latest:hover,
.article-meta .repo-source:hover,
.article-meta .cite-link:hover {
    filter: brightness(1.3);
}

/* Updated-marker with previous-versions popup. Pure hover/focus widget,
   no details/summary elements. The whole trigger cluster (Updated +
   date + hash + arrow) opens the panel via :hover on mouse and
   :focus-within on touch (a tap focuses the tabindex'd wrap) and
   keyboard — no JavaScript involved, so this works with scripts
   disabled too. The panel is a CHILD of the wrap, so moving the
   pointer onto it keeps :hover alive; a ::before bridge spans the
   visual gap for the same reason. The arrow is decorative (always
   down) and the byline hash is plain text — the permalink chip is
   the canonical link. */
.version-wrap {
    position: relative;
}

.version-wrap:focus-visible {
    outline: 1px solid var(--second-highlight, #bd93f9);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.version-trigger {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.version-trigger::before {
    content: "•";
    margin-right: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.version-trigger .vhash {
    color: inherit;
}

.version-trigger .varrow {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-left: 0.15rem;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.version-panel {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + var(--spacing-sm));
    left: 0;
    z-index: 50;
    min-width: 16rem;
    max-width: min(22rem, 80vw);
    background: var(--background-elevated);
    border: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
}

.version-panel h4 {
    font-size: 1.2em;
}

/* Invisible hover bridge spanning the gap between trigger and panel,
   so moving the pointer across doesn't dismiss the panel (same
   pattern as .cite-widget::before). */
.version-panel::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.version-wrap:hover > .version-panel,
.version-wrap:focus-within > .version-panel {
    display: block;
}

.version-panel ul {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.version-panel a {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

/* Always-visible version list at the end of the article (no interaction). */
.version-history {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.version-history h2,
.citation h2 {
    color: var(--foreground, #6272a4);
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.version-history ul {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.version-history a {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

/* Article self-citation (BibTeX). Same code-block chrome as content
   fences: the section lives outside .article-content, so the rules are
   mirrored here under .citation scope (the Copy wiring is document-wide
   and needs no scoping). */
.citation {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.citation .code-block-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    margin: var(--spacing-md) 0;
}

.citation .code-block-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.5rem;
    right: 0.5rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 10;
}

.citation .code-block-lang {
    padding: 0.05rem 0.3rem;
    background: var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
    color: var(--background, #282a36);
    border-radius: 0;
    border: none;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    opacity: 0.3;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    transform: skewX(-5deg);
}

.citation .code-block-lang:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

.citation .code-block-copy {
    padding: 0.12rem 0.3rem;
    background: var(--background, #8be9fd);
    color: var(--foreground-dim, #282a36);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0.3;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    transform: skewX(-5deg);
    /* Same JS-gating as content copies: hidden until the wiring code
    reveals it, so no-JS readers just see the text. */
    display: none;
}

.citation .code-block-copy.ready {
    display: inline-block;
}

.citation .code-block-copy:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

@media (hover: none) {
    .citation .code-block-copy {
        opacity: 1;
        padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
    }
}

.citation .code-block-wrapper pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: 0;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
    color: var(--comment);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-style: normal;
    position: relative;
}

.article-tags {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-content {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.article-content .header-section-number::after {
    content: ".";
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.toc .header-section-number {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.toc .header-section-number::after {
    content: ".";
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.article-content h2 {
    font-family: 'Saira', serif;
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    padding-bottom: 1px;
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    position: relative;
    margin-left: -6%;
    line-height: 0.9em;
}
.article-content h2:not(:has(.tag)) {
    text-shadow: 0.05em 0.12em 1px var(--background);
}

.article-content h2:not(:has(.tag))::after {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    width: 33%;
    height: 0.4rem;
    background: var(--third-highlight, #ff79c6);
    margin-top: 0.05em;
    transform: skewX(-30deg);
    position: relative;
    z-index: -1;
}

.article-content h3 {
    font-family: 'Saira', serif;
    margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-left: -6%;
    line-height: 0.9em;
}

.article-content h4 {
    font-family: 'Saira', serif;
    margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin-left: -6%;
    line-height: 0.9em;
}

.article-content mark {
    display: inline-block;
    background: none;
    position: relative;
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
}

.article-content mark::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background-color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    opacity: 0.7;
    transform: skewX(-10deg);
    z-index: -1;
}

.article-content p {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}
.article-content blockquote p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.article-content img {
    padding: var(--spacing-md) 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 80vh;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.article-content a {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 0.1rem solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.3s;
}

.article-content pre.ts-code a {
    color: inherit;
    border-bottom: 0.07rem solid var(--foreground-dim);
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.article-content a:hover {
    border-bottom-color: var(--second-highlight, #ff7ac6de);
}

.article-content pre.ts-code a:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

a.tag {
    font-family: 'Saira', sans-serif;
    background: rgb(from var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9) r g b / 0.5);
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    border-bottom: none;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
    clip-path: polygon(0.2em 0, calc(100% - 0.45em) 0, calc(100% - 0.2em) 100%, 0.45em 100%);
    transition: clip-path 0.2s ease;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

a.tag::before {
    content: '#';
    margin-right: -0.09rem;
}

a.tag:hover {
    clip-path: polygon(0 0, calc(100% - 0.65em) 0, 100% 100%, 0.65em 100%);
}

.article-content h2 a.tag {
    font-family: 'Saira', sans-serif;
    background: var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
    color: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
    border-bottom: 0 solid transparent;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.9rem;
    clip-path: polygon(0.45em 0, 100% 0, calc(100% - 0.45em) 100%, 0 100%);
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    transition: clip-path 0.2s ease;
}

.article-content h2 a.tag::before {
    content: '#';
    margin-right: 0.15em;
}

.article-content h2 a.tag:hover {
    clip-path: polygon(0.85em 0, 100% 0, calc(100% - 0.85em) 100%, 0 100%);
}

.article-content .anchor {
    color: var(--second-highlight, #ff79c6);
    opacity: 0.5;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
}

.article-content h2:hover .anchor,
.article-content h3:hover .anchor,
.article-content h4:hover .anchor {
    opacity: 1;
    border-bottom: 0 solid transparent;
}

.article-content ul, .article-content ol {
    margin-left: var(--spacing-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.article-content ul li {
    padding-left: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.article-content input[type="checkbox"] {
    appearance: none;
    width: 1.25rem;
    height: 1.25rem;
    border: 2px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    border-radius: 0.2rem;
    background: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
    cursor: pointer;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.article-content input[type="checkbox"]:checked {
    background: var(--good, #8be9fd);
    border-color: var(--good, #8be9fd);
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.article-content input.checkbox-7e[type="checkbox"]:checked {
    background: var(--bad, #ff79c6);
    border-color: var(--bad, #ff79c6);
}


.article-content ul {
    list-style: none;
    margin-left: 1.0rem;
    padding-left: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.article-content li::before {
    content: "-";
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-top: -0.8rem;
    margin-left: -1.7rem;
    position: absolute;
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

.article-content ul li {
    margin-left: 2.6rem;
}

.article-content ul li:has(input) {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

.article-content ul li:has(input)::before {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    height: 0;
}


.article-content li input[type="checkbox"]:checked::after {
    content: "✓";
    position: relative;
    top: -0.1rem;
    left: 0.12rem;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    color: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.article-content li input.checkbox-7e[type="checkbox"]:checked::after {
    left: 0.18rem;
    content: "x";
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-content code {
    background: var(--background-elevated, #6272a4);
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    line-height: 1.4em;
    font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}

.article-content :not(pre) > code::after {
    content: "";
    /* border-bottom: 0.25rem dashed var(--second-highlight, #ff79c6); */
    height: 0.2em;
    background-image: linear-gradient(to right, var(--second-highlight) 70%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%);
    background-position: bottom;
    background-size: 1em 0.2em;
    background-repeat: repeat-x;

    margin-top: -0.1em;
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    transform: skewX(-10deg);
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.article-content pre {
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
    position: relative;
}

.article-content blockquote {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--second-highlight, #bd93f9);
    padding-left: var(--spacing-md);
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
    font-style: italic;
    background: rgba(189, 147, 249, 0.05);
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: 0;
}

.article-content .spoiler {
    position: relative;
    padding-top: 1.7rem;
    padding-left: 0.4rem;
    padding-right: 0.4rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 20px var(--background-elevated);
}

/* Spoiler hiding is JS-gated: without scripts the content stays
readable and the Show button never renders. Everything below only
applies once the head hook has added .js to <html>. */
html.js .article-content .spoiler {
    cursor: pointer;
}

html.js .article-content .spoiler > * {
    filter: blur(12px);
    user-select: none;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: filter 0.3s ease;
}

html.js .article-content .spoiler::before {
    content: "Show";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.5em;
    right: 0.5em;
    padding: 0.15em 0.4em;
    background: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    color: var(--background, #282a36);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0.5;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    transform: skewX(-5deg);
    z-index: 2;
    pointer-events: auto;
}

html.js .article-content .spoiler:hover::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

html.js .article-content .spoiler.revealed {
    cursor: default;
}

html.js .article-content .spoiler.revealed > * {
    filter: blur(0);
    user-select: auto;
    pointer-events: auto;
}

html.js .article-content .spoiler.revealed::before {
    content: "Hide";
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.article-content table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    color: var(--foreground);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-family: 'Monaco', 'Menlo', 'Consolas', monospace;
}

.article-content th {
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
    text-align: left;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    background: var(--background-elevated, #e6e6e6);
}

.article-content td {
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    background: #ffffff22;
}

.article-content svg.math-inline {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    height: 0.85em;
}

.article-content figure.math-display-wrapper {
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    width: fit-content;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.article-content svg.math-display {
    display: block;
}

.article-content figure.math-display-wrapper figcaption {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #444444;
    text-align: center;
}

.footer {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
}

.footer-container {
    max-width: var(--max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.footer-container a {
    color: var(--comment, #6272a4);
}

.article-content pre code, .article-content pre.ts-code {
    font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-style: normal;
}

.article-content .ts-code .line-number {
    /* display: none; */
    color: var(--foreground-dim);
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    user-select: none;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-content .code-block-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}

.article-content .code-block-header {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.5rem;
    right: 0.5rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 10;
}

.article-content .code-block-lang {
    padding: 0.05rem 0.3rem;
    background: var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
    color: var(--background, #282a36);
    border-radius: 0;
    border: none;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    opacity: 0.3;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    transform: skewX(-5deg);
}

.article-content .code-block-lang:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

.code-run-cpp-compiler_explorer {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0.5rem;
    right: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.4rem;
    background: var(--background, #bd93f9);
    color: #55ee77;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0.3;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    transform: skewX(-5deg);
    z-index: 10;
}

.code-run-cpp-compiler_explorer:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

.code-run-cpp-compiler_explorer::after {
    content: "Run";
}

.article-content .code-block-copy {
    padding: 0.12rem 0.3rem;
    background: var(--background, #8be9fd);
    color: var(--foreground-dim, #282a36);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0.3;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    transform: skewX(-5deg);
    /* JS-gated like the nav toggles, but revealed by the wiring code
    itself (not html.js): only wired buttons appear. Unwired slots
    collapse entirely (display, not visibility) so the lang chip sits
    flush right with zero gap. */
    display: none;
}

.article-content .code-block-copy.ready {
    display: inline-block;
}

.article-content .code-block-copy:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

@media (hover: none) {
    .article-content .code-block-copy {
        opacity: 1;
        padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
    }
}

.article-content .code-block-wrapper pre {
    margin: 0;
}

.line {
    white-space: pre;
}

.article {
    margin-left: calc(1vw + 3rem);
    margin-right: calc(max(900px, 60vw) - 800px);
    padding-right: 4%;
}

.article-content pre code {
    background: none;
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-size: 1em;
}

/* Bibliography and Citations */
.article-content .citation {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: color 0.2s, transform 0.1s;
    display: inline-block;
}

.article-content .citation:hover {
    color: var(--second-highlight, #ff7ac6de);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Citation links signal hover via the lift above; suppress the generic
   link underline so they don't double-signal. */
.article-content .citation a:hover {
    border-bottom-color: transparent;
}

.article-content #refs {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
    position: relative;
}

.article-content .csl-entry {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    padding-left: var(--spacing-lg);
    text-indent: calc(-1 * var(--spacing-lg));
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: background 0.2s;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.article-content .csl-entry .csl-left-margin {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

.article-content .csl-entry .csl-right-inline {
    flex: 1;
    text-indent: 0;
}

.article-content .csl-entry:hover {
    background: rgba(189, 147, 249, 0.08);
    padding-left: calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 0.5rem);
    margin-left: -0.5rem;
}

.article-content .csl-entry:target {
    background: rgba(255, 121, 198, 0.15);
    padding-left: calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 0.5rem);
    margin-left: -0.5rem;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

.article-content .csl-entry .csl-left-margin a {
    color: inherit;
    border-bottom: 0 solid transparent;
}

.article-content .csl-entry .csl-left-margin a:hover {
    border-bottom-color: transparent;
}

.cite-widget {
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 1200;
    max-width: 26rem;
    background: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
    color: var(--foreground, #282a36);
    border: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
    box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 1.5rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.cite-widget[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

/* Invisible hover bridge spanning the gap between citation and widget,
   so moving the pointer across doesn't dismiss the widget. */
.cite-widget::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 10px;
    top: 100%;
}

.cite-widget-below::before {
    top: auto;
    bottom: 100%;
}

.cite-widget-entry {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.cite-widget-entry + .cite-widget-entry {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
    padding-top: var(--spacing-sm);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--comment, #6272a4);
}

.cite-widget-index {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
}

.cite-widget-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.cite-widget a {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.3s;
}

.cite-widget a:hover {
    border-bottom-color: var(--second-highlight, #ff7ac6de);
}

.article-content .csl-entry a {
    color: var(--main-highlight, #ff79c6);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
}

.article-content .references.csl-bib-body {
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.article-content pre.ts-code {
    padding-top: var(--spacing-md);
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .nav-container {
        margin: 0 0; 
        padding-right: 0.8rem;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 1081px) {
    .sidebar-toggle {
        display: none;
    }

    .sidebar-close {
        display: none;
    }

    .articles-sidebar {
        transform: none;
        width: calc((100vw - max(900px, 60vw)) / 2);
        height: 100vh;
        padding: 0;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        align-items: stretch;
        overflow: visible;
    }

    .articles-sidebar.visible {
        transform: none;
    }

    .articles-sidebar-panel {
        width: 200px;
        height: 100%;
        overflow-y: auto;
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
    }

    .sidebar-backdrop {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1079px) {
    .articles-sidebar {
        transform: translateX(-100%);
    }

    .sidebar-close {
        display: block;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1280px) {
    .article {
        padding-right: 0;
    }
    
    .toc {
        top: 2rem;
        max-height: calc(100vh - 10rem);
        border-left: none;
        display: block;
        position: fixed;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        bottom: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 55vh;
        background: var(--background);
        z-index: 1000;
        padding: var(--spacing-xl);
        padding-top: 0.5rem;
        padding-bottom: 0;
        overflow-y: auto;
        opacity: 1;
        box-shadow: 0 -4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
        transform: translateY(150vh);
        transition: transform 0.3s ease-out;
    }

    .toc-nav {
        height: 70%;
        overflow-y: scroll;
        overflow-x: hidden;
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
    
    .toc-toggle:hover ~ .toc:not(.mobile-open) {
        transform: translateY(calc(100vh - 120px));
    }
    
    .toc.mobile-open {
        transform: translateY(50vh) !important;
    }
    
    .toc-backdrop {
        display: none;
        position: fixed;
        left: 0;
        top: 0;
        right: 0;
        bottom: 50vh;
        z-index: 999;
    }
    
    .toc-backdrop.active {
        display: block;
    }
    
    .toc-toggle {
        display: block;
        position: fixed;
        bottom: 0.6rem;
        right: 0.6rem;
        width: 3.5rem;
        height: 3.5rem;
        background: var(--third-highlight, #bd93f9);
        color: var(--background, #f8f8f2);
        border: none;
        border-radius: 0;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
        cursor: pointer;
        z-index: 1001;
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        opacity: 0.7;
        transition: transform 0.2s, opacity 0.2s, z-index 0s;
    }
    
    .toc-toggle:hover {
        transform: skewX(-5deg);
        opacity: 0.9;
    }
    
    .toc-toggle:active {
        transform: skewX(-5deg) scale(0.95);
    }
    
    .toc-toggle.hidden {
        opacity: 0;
        pointer-events: none;
    }
    
    .toc-close {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .toc-handle {
        position: relative;
        left: 50%;
        transform: translateX(-50%);
        width: 3rem;
        height: 0.3rem;
        background: var(--comment, #6272a4);
        border-radius: 1rem;
    }

    .toc-handle-container {
        display: block;
        top: -0.6rem;
        padding-top: 0.5rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
        height: 1rem;
        width: 100%;
        position: sticky;
        z-index: 10;
        background: var(--background);
    }
    .article-content pre code, .article-content pre.ts-code {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 1281px) {
    .nav-left {
        margin-left: 1vw;
    }

    .nav-git {
        margin-right: 3rem;
    }

    .toc-toggle {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .toc-close {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .article {
        margin-right: 3vw;
    }
    .article-content {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }

    .article-header {
        margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .nav-links {
        gap: var(--spacing-md);
    }
    
    .article-content h2 {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }
    
    .article-content h2::before {
        left: 0;
        position: relative;
        margin-right: 0.5rem;
    }

    .article-content th {
        font-size: 0.65rem;
        padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .article-content td {
        font-size: 0.65rem;
        padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .article-content pre code, .article-content pre.ts-code {
        font-size: min(0.65rem, 1.7vw);
        padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .article-content .code-block-lang {
        margin-top: -0.3rem;
        margin-right: -0.2rem;
        padding: 0.2vw 1vw;
        font-size: min(2vw, 0.65rem);
    }

    .code-block-wrapper .code-block-copy {
        margin-top: -0.3rem;
        margin-right: -0.2rem;
        padding: 0.4vw 1vw;
        font-size: min(2vw, 0.65rem);
    }

    html.js .article-content .spoiler::before {
        font-size: min(2vw, 0.65rem);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .article {
        margin-left: 0.4em;
        margin-right: 0.6em;
    }

    .article-header, .article-content h2, .article-content h3, .article-content h4 {
        margin-left: 0.2em;
    }

    .article-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .article-content blockquote p {
        font-size: 3vw;
    }

    .article-content p {
        text-align: justify;
        font-size: 4vw;
    }

    .article-content th {
        font-size: 2.3vw;
    }
    .article-content td {
        font-size: 2.3vw;
    }
    .article-content pre code, .article-content pre.ts-code {
        font-size: 1.8vw;
    }
    .toc-list a {
        font-size: 5vw;
    }
    .toc.mobile-open {
        padding-left: 2vw;
        padding-right: 2vw;
    }
    .citation .code-block-wrapper pre {
        font-size: 1.8vw;
    }
}